New DPRI Inittiative for Japan-US Cooperative Research on Urban Earthquake
Disaster Mitigation
The following is a description of "US-Japan Cooperative Research for
Urban Earthquake Disaster Mitigation (hereafter referred to as Cooperative
Research Program)," which is being planned as a Special Project of the
Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture (Monbusyo: Japanese
name). The project is to be undertaken by the Disaster Prevention Research
Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University as the "Institution-in-Charge" for its
operation.
The Cooperative Research Program has been developed with close communication
with the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF), whose counterpart program
was announced in December 1997. It is part of the national efforts that
are being taken on the basis of the Common Agenda agreed between the Japanese
Prime Minister Hashimoto and U.S. President Clinton who met in Tokyo in
April 1996.
A Word from our Director
Professor Hirotake Imamoto
Disaster Prevention Research Institute, Kyoto University (hereafter
called DPRI) was founded in 1956, and has been functioning as a unique
research and education complex that pursue scientific development of methodologies
for protecting the mankind and the human society from every kind of natural
disaster. In may 1996, DPRI established a new organizational system that
emphasizes importance of multi-disciplinary integration involving geophysical
science, engineering, and social sciences. The renovation was done on the
basis of careful review of the DPRI's historical background and its national
and international roles, as well as extensive discussion of needs for disaster
mitigation research that are being raised by the modern urbanized society.
The complex urban disaster caused by the 17 January 1995, Great Hanshin-Awaji
(Kobe) Earthquake extensively affected the discussion, and its output was
also implemented.
Now DPRI has a function as an institution open to research activities
inviting nation-wide participation. It has also been designated by Monbusho
as a "Center of Excellence" which is responsible for taking leadership
in the disaster studies conducted by Japanese university researchers on
national as well as international bases. For this reason, DPRI has been
nominated as the institution to take a core role in the Cooperative Research
Program. which will be performed under the U.S. and Japan Common Agenda
for urban earthquake hazard mitigation.
A Word from the Principal Investigator:
Professor Hiroyuki KAMEDA
e-mail kameda@imdr.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
The contents of the Cooperative Research Program are based on the recommendations
developed in the Second U.S.-Japan workshop on Cooperative Research for
Mitigation of Urban Earthquake Disasters: -Learning from Kobe and Northridge-,
Tokyo, February 27-March 1, 1997, which was financially supported by Monbusho
on the Japan side and NSF on the U.S. side. Many research projects and
bilateral workshops have been and are being performed under Japanese and
U.S. cooperation as shown in Fig.1. The cooperative research proposed herein
is regarded to play a major role in the coming several years.
A proposal for the Cooperative Research Program was submitted from DPRI
to Monbusho. The proposal was accepted in the 1998 fiscal-year national
budget plan, which was announced by the Ministry of Finance on . of 1998
fiscal year which is to be announced by the Ministry of Finance on December
25, 1997.
Fig.1 Bilateral Research Efforts for Urban Earthquake Disaster Mitigation
(To see the detail, click above image)
How It Started:
After the 1994 US Northridge and 1995 Hyogoken-Nanbu (Kobe) Earthquakes,)B many
US and Japanese researchers in the related fields met in various)B gatherings
to exchange information on the damage and discuss mechanisms for)B possible
cooperative research between the two countries. Notable gatherings)B among
others included the US-Japan Workshop on Cooperative Research for)B Mitigation
of Urban Earthquake Disasters: Learning from Kobe and)B Northridge, held
at Hawaii, USA, from December 14 to 16, 1995, the North)B America-Japan
Workshop on the Geotechnical Aspects of the Kobe, Loma Prieta)B and Northridge
Earthquakes, held at Osaka, Japan, from January 24 to 26,)B 1996, and
the Second US-Japan Workshop on Cooperative Research for)B Mitigation
of Urban Earthquake Disasters: Learning from Kobe and)B Northridge, held
at Tokyo, Japan, from February 27 to 28, 1997. Immediately)B after the
Second US-Workshop at Tokyo, the Ministry of Education, Sports,)B and
Culture of Japan expressed their interest in a university-based)B cooperative
research between the US and Japan and suggested that the)B Disaster Prevention
Research Institute (DPRI), Kyoto University, serve as)B the host organization
to conduct the research. DPRI prepared a research)B proposal and submitted
it to the Ministry in June, 1997. The proposal whose)B outline is described
below closely follows the recommendations endorsed )B at the Second
US-Japan Workshop at Tokyo.
Our 14 Projects:
In this Initiative, we propose 14 specific projects under 3 major categories:
1. Development of an Advanced Technology to Protect
the Built Environment)B and the Population from Near Field Earthquakes
1-1 An Integrated and Modular System for Performance-Based
Design
1-1-1 Near-source and geological effects on ground
motion
1-1-2 Behavior of liquefied ground and evaluation
of)B seismic performance of underground structure
1-1-3 Calibration and improvement of structural
response)B prediction and development of design methodologies conforming
to multiple)B performance requirements
1-1-4 Development of seismic engineering technologies
for)B ensuring required structural performance
1-2 Smart Materials and New Technologies for Improvement
of Seismic)B Performance of Urban Structures
1-2-1 New Materials and Technologies for Seismic
Retrofit)B of Bridge Structures
1-2-2 Smart Materials and Intelligent Systems for)B Earthquake
Response Control of Urban Structures
1-2-3 Advanced Technologies for Health Monitoring
and)B Damage Detection
2. High Performance Infrastructure systems for Destructive
Urban Earthquakes
2-1 Criteria for performance-based design and management
of)B infrastructure systems
2-2 Advanced technologies for reducing vulnerability
and post-event)B management
2-3 High-fidelity hazard and vulnerability assessment
3. Comparative Study On Urban Earthquake
Disaster Management
3-1 Disaster ethnography of post-disaster emergency
management
3-2 Development of total loss quantification methods
3-3 Development of tools for research finding systematization
3-4 Development of multi-media disaster simulation
methods.
Fig.2 Roles of the Major Subjects Proposed in the Cooperative Research
Program
(To see the detail, click above image)
The relationship among these subjects are illustrated schematically
inFig.2. They cover a comprehensive areas from physical issues to societal
issues as well as pre-event mitigation, intra-event operation and post
event management. It is a major challenge of this program to realize multi-disciplinary
integration for urban earthquake disaster mitigation.
Project Descriptions and Persons to Contact:
1. Development of an Advanced Technology to Protect the
Built Environment)B and the Population from Near Field Earthquakes
-
Co-Group Leader:
-
Professor Shunsuke OTANI, Tokyo University
-
otani@sake.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
-
Professor Hirokazu IEMURA, Kyoto University
-
iemura@catfish.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp
1-1)B An Integrated and Modular System for Performancce-Based
Design
-
Group Leader: Professor Shunsuke OTANI, Tokyo University
-
otani@sake.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
1-2 Smart Materials and New Technologies for Improvement
of Seismic)B Performance of Urban Structures
-
Group Leader: Professor Hirokazu IEMURA, Kyoto University,
-
iemura@catfish.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp
1-1-1 Near-source and geological effects on ground motion
-
Persons to Contact:
-
Professor Kojiro IRIKURA, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
irikura@egmdpri01.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
-
Professor Tomotaka IWATA, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
iwata@egmdpri01.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
Methods to predict near-source ground motions in a quantitative manner
are)B developed. Both theoretical and semi-empirical approaches are applied considering
the physical and geometrical properties of earthquake faults)B and seismic
wave propagation characteristics of the crust and surface)B geology.
1-1-2 Behavior of liquefied ground and evaluation of
seismic performance of)B underground structure
-
Persons to Contact;
-
Professor Masanori HAMADA, Waseda University
-
hamada@mn.waseda.ac.jp
-
Professor Sumio SAWADA, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
sawada@catfish.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
New technologies are developed for the following subjects: 1) seismic)B design
methods of underground structures, 2) methods to estimate ground)B displacements
induced by liquefaction, 3) design methods of foundation)B structures
against potential liquefied ground.
1-1-3 Calibration and improvement of structural response
prediction and development of design methodologies conforming to multiple
performance requirements
-
Persons to Contact;
-
Professor Shunsuke OTANI, University of Tokyo,
-
otani@sake.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
-
Professor Masayoshi. NAKASHIMA, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
nakashima@archi.kyoto-u.ac.jp
This topic consists of the following two subjects; i.e., (1) The calibration
of the accuracy of current analysis methods for predicting the structural
response. The work involves (a) Collection of data on structural responses
obtained from previous earthquakes and of data on structural member responses
obtained from previous laboratory tests, (b) Development of databases on
the observed data, and (c) Calibration and refinement of analysis methods.
(2) The development of performance-based design procedures. The work includes
(a) Engineering definition of performance objectives and seismic hazards
for structural members as well as systems and for non-structural members,
(b) Identification of specific engineering parameters to control performance,
(c) Expressions of performance levels using engineering parameters, (d)
Validation of the expressions, and (e) Incorporation of reliability approaches
for performance evaluation.
1-1-4 Development of seismic engineering technologies
for ensuring required structural performance
-
Persons to Contact;
-
Professor Shunsuke OTANI, University of Tokyo,
-
otani@sake.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp
-
Professor Masayoshi. NAKASHIMA, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
nakashima@archi.kyoto-u.ac.jp
The objective is to refine and develop engineering technologies that enables
to ensure the performance required in design. One area of study is the
development of advanced steel building structures including (a) Refinement
of the performance of welded beam-to-column connections, (b) Improvement
of quality control using nondestructive testing and inspection, (c) Development
of improved structural system concepts, and (d) Simulation by large scale
tests. Another area is (a) Improvement of design for reinforced concrete
(RC) buildings with irregular mass and/or stiffness distribution in plan
or along height, (b) Improvement of stiffness and ductility evaluation
for RC members, and (c) Understanding of behavior of structural members
under multi-axial loading conditions.
1-2-1 New Materials and Technologies for Seismic Retrofit
of Bridge Structures
-
Person to Contact;
-
Professor Kazuhiko KAWASHIMA, Tokyo Institute of Technology
-
kawashima@cv.titech.ac.jp
-
Professor Hirokazu IEMURA, Kyoto University,
-
iemura@catfish.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp
The purpose of this research is to establish structural design method of)B bridges
against severe earthquakes such as near source urban earthquakes)B and
to develop advanced technologies for seismic retrofit of existing)B facilities.
1-2-2 Smart Materials and Intelligent Systems for Earthquake
Response)B Control of Urban Structures
-
Person to Contact;
-
Professor Yoshiyuki SUZUKI, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
suzuki@zeisei.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
This research aims at the facilitation of practical use of earthquake)B response
control technologies. For that purpose, active control systems are)B developed
by using new materials and algorithms and are verified)B experimentally
by using full-scale structures and/or shaking tables.
1-2-3 Advanced Technologies for Health Monitoring and
Damage Detection
-
Person to Contact;
-
Professor Tadanobu SATO, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
sato@catfish.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
The purpose of this research is to explore the frontiers of structural)B heath
monitoring and damage)B detection systems and to accelerate their development
through innovation)B and system integration of advanced technologies
not only in software but hardware.
2. High Performance Infrastructure systems for Destructive
Urban Earthquakes
-
Group leader:
-
Professor Shiro TAKADA, Kobe University,
-
takada@kobe-u.ac.jp
2-1 Criteria for performance-based design and management
of infrastructure)B systems
2-2 Advanced technologies for reducing vulnerability
and post-event management
2-3 High-fidelity hazard and vulnerability assessment
2-1 Criteria for performance-based design and management
of infrastructure)B systems
-
Persons to Contact;
-
Professor Norio OKADA, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
okada@imdr.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
-
Professor Satoshi IWAI, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
iwai@imdr.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
This research aims to establish the systematic methodology of planning,)B designing
and managing high performance infrastructure systems. Reasonable)B performance
criteria will be developed on the basis of interdisciplinary)B integration
of engineering and social-science approaches. Simple models)B useful
for political decision-maker, who are not familiar with engineering,)B will
be constructed, and prioritization of retrofitting alternatives in)B terms
of cost-effectiveness will be made by use of these models.
2-2 Advanced technologies for reducing vulnerability
and post-event management
-
Person to Contact;
-
Professor Fumio YAMAZAKI, University of Tokyo,
-
yamazaki@iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp
This research item aims to establish methodology to utilize advanced)B technologies
for increasing functional reliability of civil infrastructures)B in urban
earthquakes. Attempts will be made to synthesize advanced)B technologies
of wide fields, such as seismic evaluation technique for)B infrastructures
using new sensors and telecommunication tools, information)B management
with the enhanced use of geographic information system (GIS),)B and emergency
operation with real-time seismic monitoring.
2-3 High-fidelity hazard and vulnerability assessment
-
Person to Contact;
-
Professor Takashi OKIMURA, Kobe University,
-
okimura@kobe-u.ac.jp
This research aims to develop a high-fidelity evaluation system for seismic)B hazards
which can be monitored spatially and have highly damaging effects)B on
the existing infrastructure system. The seismic hazards to study include)B seismic
slope instability, potential liquefaction area, and lateral flow of)B ground.
The vulnerability of ground to the seismic hazards are to be)B evaluated
by using the most advanced measurement systems such as)B geotechnical
database system for foundation ground, geographic information)B system
(GIS), and high-fidelity satellite imaging system. A new approach to)B assess
the fragility of ground will be developed through a data processing)B system
to consider the uncertainties in the input data, and through the)B applications
of the evaluation methods developed here to the data of)B Hyogoken-Nanbu
Earthquake and Nothridge Earthquake.
3. Comparative Study On Urban Earthquake Disaster Management
-
Group Leader:
-
Professor Haruo HAYASHI, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
hayashi@drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
This research area intends to achieve two goals;
1) the study of both human and societal reactions after the earthquake
to)B deepen the understanding of Response and Recovery processes, and
2) the integration of research findings obtained by respective)B disaster-related
disciplines so that the practitioners could make use of)B them for better
disaster management.
3-1 Disaster ethnography of post-disaster emergency
management
3-2 Development of total loss quantification methods
3-3 Development of tools for research finding systematization
3-4 Development of multi-media disaster simulation
methods.
3-1 Disaster ethnography of post-disaster emergency management
-
Person to Contact;
-
Professor Haruo HAYASHI, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
hayashi@drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
In this project, we would like to develop a systematic accounts of how)B disaster
victims as well as disaster workers understand their experiences)B by
applying ethnographic approach based on the experiences from the Kobe,the
Northridge, and the Loma Prieta earthquakes. We also plan to have a)B series
of panel survey on long-term recovery from the Kobe earthquake in)B 1999,
2001, and 2003 to establish a set of quantitative measures of)B recovery.
3-2 Development of total loss quantification methods
-
Person to Contact;
-
Professor Yoshiaki KAWATA, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
kawata@drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
The goal of this project is to develop quantification methods for assessing)B the
amount of "real losses" caused by the urban earthquake disaster. In)B Japan,
it was counted as the losses only direct structural damages and)B human
casualties caused by the earthquake. We failed to take into account)B such
indirect damages which may be reflected in economic activities, extra)B expenses
for responses and recovery, and the severity of human sufferings)B following
the disaster. Both macroscopic and microscopic perspectives)B should
be pursued for quantifying "real losses". We are now developing a)B macroscopic
model for the long-term changes in economic activities)B following the
disaster using the input-out matrix concepts. With having)B "real losses"
estimates, we would like to develop a guideline for who)B should accept
what level of risk for various kinds of losses.
3-3 Development of tools for research finding systematization
-
Person to Contact;
-
Professor Takeyoshi TANAKA, DPRI, Kyoto University,
-
takey@drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp
With the advent of the internet, the way we handle the knowledge and)B technology
would be affected seriously in all aspects of information)B processing.
In order to facilitate the exchange of knowledge and)B technology on
disaster management through electronic media, this project)B aims to
develop a prototype for accumulating, systematizing and exchanging)B the
basic facts and research findings obtained from various fields of)B disaster
studies.
3-4 Development of multi-media disaster simulation methods.
-
Person to Contact;
-
Professor Michio MIYANO, Osaka City University,
-
miyano@life.osaka-cu.ac.jp
Many GIS based real-time hazard simulation and damage estimation program)B were
developed. Based on these advancement, we want to develop a software)B which
simulates both responses and recovery processes given the hazard and)B damage.
As a first step, we think that it might be useful to have a)B computer
software to represent the chronological development of responses)B and
recovery following the Kobe and the Northridge. At the same time, we)B would
like to introduce the virtual-reality technology for all part of this)B software
to make the simulation more intuitively understandable and)B attractive
for a more wider audiences such as disaster managers as well as)B the
general public.
Organizational Framework for Project Execution
The organizational framework on the Japan side is illustrated in Fig.3.
On this basis, the project will be operated under nation-wide and bilateral
cooperation.
As DPRI, Kyoto University will be the institution in charge of project
execution, the organizational framework will be established within DPRI
in such a way that will enable it to operate the project in a most productive
way. For this purpose, the Executive Committee and the Research Committee
shall be organized. The Executive Committee, chaired by the Director of
DPRI (Prof. Hirotake Imamoto), is in charge of fundamental orientations
of the project execution. The Committee members will be nominated from
the faculty of DPRI and some of the Research Committee members.
The Research Committee will decide actual procedure operating the project.
It will consist of major researchers who were in charge of the development
of the proposal submitted to Monbusho. The Research Committee members who
are DPRI staffs will constitute the Task Committee, and will be engaged
in smooth operation of the project.
The Coordination Committee shall be established for international coordination,
review of the research progress and providing advice. Details of its mechanism
will be explained about in the next chapter.
Fig.3 Organizational Framework of the Project on the Japan Side.
(To see the detail, click above image)
The following researchers will serve as Research Committee members.
They are supposed to take roles of contact persons to help develop specific
joint research proposals between U.S. and Japanese researchers.
Research Committee Membership (*: jointly Task Committee member)
-
Principal Investigator: *Hiroyuki Kameda, DPRI, Kyoto University (kameda@imdr.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
Secretary General: *Tadanobu Sato, DPRI (sato@catfish.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
Team Leaders: Shunsuke Otani, University of Tokyo (otani@sake.t.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
-
Hirokazu Iemura, Kyoto University (iemura@catfish.kuciv.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
Shiro Takada, Kobe University (takada@kobe-u.ac.jp)
-
*Haruo Hayashi, DPRI (hayashi@drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
Project 1-1 (Shunsuke Otani)
-
*Kojiro Irikura, DPRI (irikura@egmdpri01.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp),
and
-
*Tomotaka Iwata, DPRI (iwata@egmdpri01.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
Masanori Hamada, Waseda University (hamada@mn.waseda.ac.jp),
and
-
*Sumio Sawada, DPRI (sawada@catfish.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
1-1-3 *Masayoshi Nakashima, DPRI (nakashima@archi.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
1-1-4 (*Masayoshi Nakashima)
-
Project 1-2 (Hirokazu Iemura)
-
1-2-1 Kazuhiko Kawashima, Tokyo Institute of Technology
(kawasima@cv.titech.ac.jp)
-
1-2-2 *Yoshiyuki Suzuki, DPRI (suzuki@zeisei.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
1-2-3 (*Tadanobu Sato)
-
Project 2. (Shiro Takada)
-
*Norio Okada, DPRI (okada@imdr.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp),
and
-
*Satoshi Iwai, DPRI (iwai@imdr.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
2-2 Fumio Yamazaki, IIS, University of Tokyo (yamazaki@Iis.u-tokyo.ac.jp)
-
2-3 Takashi Okimura, Kobe University (okimura@kobe-u.ac.jp)
-
Project 3. (Haruo Hayashi)
-
3-1 (*Haruo Hayashi)
-
3-2 *Yoshiaki Kawata, DPRI (kawata@drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
3-3 *Takeyoshi Tanaka, DPRI (takey@drs.dpri.kyoto-u.ac.jp)
-
3-4 Michio Miyano, Osaka City University (miyano@life.osaka-cu.ac.jp)
International Coordination and Project Review
In accordance with the project development by NSF for the US side, Japan
side has been taking efforts for organization of the Japan Coordination
Committee. It will be in charge of the development of general framework
of the bilateral cooperation through close contact with the U.S. Technical
Coordination Committee as illustrated in Fig.4. The roster of the Japan
Coordination Committee is as follows.
Fig.4 International Coordination)B
(To see the detail, click above image)
Japan Coordination Committee Membership
Chair:
1. Shunsuke Otani, Professor, Department of Architecture, University
of)B Tokyo, Structural Engineering.
Advisors:
2. Kenzo Toki, Professor, Graduate School of Civil Engineering, Kyoto)B University,
Disaster Prevention Policy.
3. Tsuneo Okada, Professor, Department of Architectural Engineering,)B Shibaura
Institute of Technology, Structural Engineering.
Members:
4. Kojiro Irikura, Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute,
Kyoto)B University, Strong Motion Estimation.
5. Tatsuo Ohmachi, Professor, Interdisciplinary Graduate School f Science)B and
Technology, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Ground Motion.
6. Suminao)B Murakami, Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty
of Engineering,)B Yokohama National University, Macro-zonation.
7. Hiroyuki Kameda,)B Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute,
Kyoto University,)B Disaster Mitigation Function.
8. Fumio Yamazaki, Associate Professor,)B Institute of Industrial
Science, University of Tokyo, Real-time Control)B System.
9. Hiroshi Kagami, Professor, Department of Architectural)B Engineering,
Hokkaido University, Information Management.
10. Osamu Hiroi,)B Professor, Institute of Socio-Information and
Communication Studies,)B University of Tokyo, Human Response.
11. Takeji Kokusho, Professor,)B Department of Civil Engineering,
Chuo University, Geotechnical Engineering.
12. Koji Morita, Professor, Department of Architecture, Chiba University,)B Steel
Structure.
13. Tadanobu Sato, Professor, Disaster Prevention Research Institute,
Kyoto)B University, Structure-Foundation Dynamics
Submission of Solicited Project Proposals (Japan side)
Based on the Monbusho Special Project Plan described above, Japanese researchers
who want to participate in one of these 14 projects are encouraged to submit
one- to three-year individual research proposals. Even though the amount
of grant awarded is limited, it is our great pleasure if the participants
in this initiative are wiling to make valuable contributions for the development
of urban earthquake disaster management research. It is strongly suggested
that any research proposal should be coordinated with US counterpart researchers.
All proposal should be prepared in English and submitted in comformance
with the following guidelines:
-
The research proposal must be prepared in English. The research title should
be less than of 100 characters.
-
Research project number (such as 1-1-2, 2-1,
3-2)
must be identified out of the 14 projects.
-
The name, affiliation, title, age, address, phone number, fax number, and
e-mail address of the principal investigator and co-researchers must be
provided.
-
The profile of US counterpart researchers and the records of correspondence
(letters, faxes, or e-mails) must be attached.
-
The objectives, methods and siginificance of proposed research must be
explained in 200 words each.
-
Research period should be from one to three years.
-
The use of research funds over the proposed research periods bust be itemized.
Annual budget per research proposal is limited to the following amounts:
\300,000 for fiscal year 1998, and \1,000,000 for fiscal years 1999 and
2000. From the nature of experimental research, a higher amount of budget
may be accepted for research topics 1.1.3
and 1.1.4.
-
International travel is not allowed in the budget. Other funding sources
should be searched for international travels.
-
A research proposal must be reached by March 15, 1998, at the following
address:
-
Research Support Section
-
Disaster Prevention Research Institute
-
Kyoto University
-
(e-mail: )
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